PV Additive Selection Guide: Loadings, Forms and Benchmarking by Scenario

Light-stabilizer product forms (powder and liquid)

Tiangang's support for PV customers usually starts with three things: confirming the application scenario (which material layer), confirming the failure symptom (what the customer observes), confirming the validation target (which certification items must be passed). This page organizes the answers to these three questions into tables you can look up directly.

I. Quick selection by application

EVA encapsulant film takes UV-326 or UV-328 with HS-944, BW-10LD and AO-B215.

Application	First choice	Supporting package	Form preference
PV EVA encapsulant film	UV-326 / UV-328	HS-944, BW-10LD, AO-B215	Powder-based; ensure compounding dispersion
PV POE encapsulant film	UV-234 / UV-360	HS-944, AO-B215	Low-ion, low-metal-ion is critical
PET / fluorinated backsheet	UV-326 + AO-1010	AO-1076, MB570-20PET	Powder or masterbatch both fine; masterbatch disperses better
Fluorine-free backsheet face layer	UV-326 / UV-328 (elevated to critical)	HS-944, AO-B215	Additives carry the primary weather-resistance duty
PV cable sheath	FR-810A	AO-1010	Flame retardancy + weather resistance in one; fewer compounding steps
Junction box / connectors	FR-810A or a dedicated flame-retardant masterbatch	AO-1010 + AO-1076	Thin-wall parts pass at low loading
Module sealant	UV-531 / UV-P	HS-508 (liquid HALS)	Liquid, disperses better in low-viscosity systems
Frame and mounting coatings	UV-531 + UV-770	AO-B225	Liquid or powder both fine; depends on the application process

II. Loading quick reference

Benzotriazole and triazine UVAs both run 0.3-1.5 phr; benzophenones run 0.3-1.0 phr.

Important basis: the loadings below (phr, parts per hundred resin) are common engineering reference ranges, not final formulations. Actual dosage must be determined against resin grade, part thickness, processing method, target climate zone and validation targets through accelerated-aging testing. The Tiangang technical team can provide a matching validation plan.

Additive type	Representative grades	Reference loading (phr)	Overdose risk
Benzotriazole UVA	UV-326 / UV-328	0.3 – 1.5	Overdose may cause yellowing or blooming
Triazine UVA	UV-234 / UV-360	0.3 – 1.5	Good compatibility, high tolerance
Benzophenone UVA	UV-531 / UV-P	0.3 – 1.0	May introduce slight color deviation
High-molecular-weight HALS	HS-944 / BW-10LD	0.2 – 0.8	More alkaline; watch for gelation
Low-molecular-weight HALS	HS-770 / HS-508	0.2 – 0.8	Higher migration and blooming risk
Primary antioxidant	AO-1010 / AO-1076	0.1 – 0.5	Overdose affects transparency
Secondary antioxidant	AO-168	0.1 – 0.5	Overdose may bloom
Blended antioxidant	AO-B215 / AO-B225	0.3 – 1.0	Calculated on 1010+168
Polymeric halogen-free flame retardant	FR-810A	0.2 – 1.2	Affects transparency and processing flow

III. Choosing the form: powder, liquid or masterbatch

AO-1076, UV-531, UV-P and HS-508 are all liquids.

Powder (FS)

The most cost-effective default. Suited to compounding processes; watch dispersion uniformity in high-viscosity systems (e.g. PET, PA). Tiangang's main grades are all powders.

Liquid (LS)

Best dispersibility, can be pre-blended into the base system. Suited to low-viscosity systems (coatings, sealants) and impregnation/coating processes.

Functional masterbatch (MB)

Pre-disperses the additive into a carrier resin; the customer only adds masterbatch by ratio. The core value is eliminating dispersion variation - especially important for PV customers pursuing long-term batch consistency. MB570-20PET is designed specifically for PET substrates.

Blended additive package

Pre-blends multiple components into a single product; the customer does not compound in-house. HS-788 is a light-stabilization + antioxidation pre-blended system. Fewer compounding steps = fewer sources of batch variation.

IV. Competitor benchmarking

FR-810A maps to BASF Flamestab NOR 116 and XT-8 maps to Tinuvin NOR 371.

How to read this table: this table maps Tiangang products to international mainstream product types, as a reference for selection discussions.Products from different manufacturers cannot be matched one-to-one by grade number - chemical structure, molecular-weight distribution and additive formulation all affect actual performance. The point of benchmarking is to identify the same technology route; actual selection must be based on measured data.

Tiangang product	International counterpart	Chemical type	Difference
Tiangang® FR-810A	BASF Flamestab® NOR 116	Polymeric NOR halogen-free flame retardant	Higher temperature resistance, wider processing window (≤250°C), lower migration and extraction
Tiangang® XT-8	BASF Tinuvin® NOR 371	High-molecular-weight NOR HALS	Pesticide/acid resistance; 38-month greenhouse trial with 50%+ mechanical retention
Tiangang® HS-944	BASF Chimassorb® 944	High-molecular-weight polymeric HALS	Same technology route; low migration from the high-molecular-weight structure
Tiangang® BW-10LD	BASF Chimassorb® 622	Succinate-type polymeric HALS	Same structure; this grade is the LD low-dust version
Tiangang® HS-770	BASF Tinuvin® 770	Sebacate-type HALS	Same structure, low-molecular-weight oil-soluble
Tiangang® HS-508	BASF Tinuvin® 292	Liquid HALS	Liquid grades for coating and sealant systems

Compliance note on chlorinated grades: in scenarios with stringent halogenated-flame-retardant and low-smoke zero-halogen requirements, chlorinated grades (e.g. UV-327) carry compliance uncertainty from the tightening of EU CLP classification. Tiangang's UV-326 and UV-328 are the chlorine-free substitution path of the same class; where higher acid and alkali resistance is required, the triazines UV-234 and UV-360 can be evaluated further.

V. Validation workflow and timelines

Allow 1 week for requirement clarification, 1-2 weeks for sampling and 4-12 weeks for accelerated ageing.

Stage	Content	Typical timeline	Support Tiangang can provide
Requirement clarification	Define scenario, failure symptom, validation target and climate zone	1 week	Technical engineer engagement; mapping formulation boundary conditions
Pilot sampling	Provide samples; define the recommended starting loading range	1-2 weeks	Samples + starting formulation advice
Accelerated-aging validation	QUV aging, damp heat 85/85, thermal aging	4-12 weeks	Can join on-site testing; advice on test conditions
Field tracking	Pilot line or actual project validation	3-6 months	Regular follow-ups; track data and iterate the formulation

On validation support: Tiangang generally applies a three-stage workflow of pilot trial - accelerated validation - field tracking across outdoor applications such as agricultural film, automotive and PV, and can arrange technical personnel to join on-site test-condition setup and result analysis where needed. For example, in the XT-8 agricultural-film trials, the 38-month greenhouse trial mechanical-retention data come from this kind of long-term field tracking.

VI. FAQ

For the same UVA, a 20 um film and a 200 um thick-wall part can differ in required dose by several times.

Q: Why do loading recommendations differ so much between manufacturers for the same additive?

A: Loading depends on the base resin, part thickness, target life class and local climate radiation intensity. Start from the range Tiangang gives and converge on the specific value through accelerated-aging validation.

Q: How to choose between high- and low-molecular-weight HALS?

A: High-molecular-weight grades (HS-944, BW-10LD) are low-volatility, low-migration and extraction-resistant, suited to long cycles and migration-sensitive uses; low-molecular-weight grades (HS-770, HS-508) disperse well and are more system-compatible, suited to coatings and dispersion-critical systems. The two can also be blended.

Q: Are there real PV-module use cases for Tiangang products?

A: Tiangang's polymeric HALS has publicly reported field data on floating PV floats (HDPE substrate): untreated floats last about 3-5 years, while the Tiangang® HS-950 solution extends this to about 10-20 years; the case won the 2023 Ringier Trade Resources Innovation Award. For more PV sub-segment cases, talk to the technical team directly.

Q: How do I get samples?

A: Please submit your requirements via the Contact us page, stating the application scenario, resin system and target validation items, and we will arrange samples and technical support.

Tiangang can provide complete additive formulation support across the five major PV scenarios - encapsulant film, module backsheet, cables and connections, frames and sealing, and functional masterbatches. Tell us your application scenario and the problems you are facing, and the technical team will propose actionable solutions.

Request samples and formulation advice →

Technical reviewTiangang Technical CenterVersion2026-11-07

Specifications and application notes on this page are compiled from Tiangang's published technical data. Actual values are governed by the COA shipped with each lot and the technical agreement confirmed by both parties.

None
None

Certifications

National High-Tech Enterprise
Vice Chairman Unit, China Plastics Processing Industry Association (CPPIA)
Vice Chairman Unit, Agricultural Plastics Branch, China Agricultural Plastics Application Technology Society
Member, Ageing Methods Subcommittee, National Technical Committee on Plastics (SAC/TC15/CS5)
Member, Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI), USA

Navigation